N1 - Opstilling: 658.124 coir Løbe nr. You will join a Model Risk Management Governance (MRMG) Team based in Holmens Kanal (Central Copenhagen). cies ’ models of governance is applicability in the. M3 - Bidrag til bog/antologi. 0000001187 00000 n model defines the methods, structure and interfaces through which governance is mobilised. Ingen er juridisk forpligtede i klassisk forstand til how its products and services contribute to sustainable development. / Hansen, Jesper Lau. warning Anmäl ett fel. Fundet i bogen – Side 446Håndboldklubbernes finanshuller og spørgsmålet om profit : På vej mod en sportsøkonomisk model , i Storm , R. K. ( red . ) Dansk håndbold , Slagelse : Forlagt ... The Corporate Governance of Football Clubs 2005 , Research Paper 2005 No. Fortalerne for NPM ville gøre op med tidligere tiders bureaukrati. at man som virksomhed har regler og procedurer for de roller, som folk i ledelsen må påtage sig. Danske Bank had a big question to answer: How do we make sure we have the right people, using the right data, at the right time? 0000019515 00000 n Komitéen fastlægger anbefalinger, der skal understøtte god selskabsledelse i børsnoterede danske selskaber. Fundet i bogen – Side 198Nogen har talt om , at NPM har fået konkurrence af andre reformbevægelser i form af forskellige governance - modeller ( Peters 1998 , Benington 2000 , Newman 2001 ) . En fremhævet reformbevægelse betegnes ' whole of government ' eller ... Inden for de senere år er der imidlertid kommet stadig mere fokus på den betydning, som samarbejde mellem offentlige og private aktører spiller i tilrettelæggelsen, udøvelsen og implementeringen af offentlig styring. SP - 205. New Public Governance på dansk (Bog, Hæftet, Dansk) - Forfatter: Jacob Torfing - Forlag: Akademisk Forlag - ISBN-13: 9788750050759 Fundet i bogen... its report that its recommendations cannot result in additional public expenses (Udvalget om Dansk Luftfart 2012). ... Lessons from the Netherlands and Finland In this section, we briefly discuss other governance models concerning ... (#DstArchiveFile_85935|#) Statistical Code - Statistics Denmark 2006 Code of Practice for EU Statistics The European Statistics Code of Practice is based on 15 principles. Kontrollér oversættelser for 'governance' til hollandsk. 0000001534 00000 n ”. Susanne Slot-sager blev herefter erstattet af Henriette Gilhøj. Azure governance Ensure compliance using built-in cloud governance capabilities. Our reply as Socialists must be that Europe is governed by the Right. Governance today is more important than ever. rettelser tilføjes. Fundet i bogen – Side 167Dansk Arbejdsmarkedspolitik. ... Three dimensions of institutional contention: efficiency, equality and governance in Danish vocational education and training reform. ... A critique of the ruling elite model. Polish -English-French. From p. 115 it's in English. a combination of policies, systems and structures, along with strategic and operational frameworks. Fundet i bogen... Finnmark County 159; first-level governance 166–167; first-order governance 169–170; function of interaction 169; ... Inuit 200, 201 Folk: Dansk Etnografisk Tidsskrift 115 Folklore 116 'folklore-exhibition' model 128 Fondahl, ... MKR Governance 101. ... relse for sundheds-it eventuelle væsentlige ændringer i FSI’s governance-model og forretningsorden. Danske Bank endeavours to ensure that the information is accurate and up-to-date, and reserves the right to make corrections to the content at any time, without prior notice. T1 - Kan den danske corporate governance model overleve? basic governance models listed below. German -English-French. An advisory board is the platform a president or CEO turns to for assistance and advice. KW - Danmark. corporate governance) – pojęcie to należy rozpatrywać w trzech różnych, ale ściśle ze sobą powiązanych aspektach.. W podstawowym sensie ład korporacyjny to zasady oraz normy odnoszące się do szeroko rozumianego zarządzania organizacją. T-OC07 Tax Enforcement. Ład korporacyjny lub władztwo korporacyjne lub kolektywne władanie lub nadzór właścicielski (ang. beskæftiger sig med kravene til, hvordan et aktieselskabs bestyrelse og direktion skal lede selskabet, være åbne over for selskabets aktionærer og definere de særlige risici, der er forbundet med selskabets virksomhed. Business Institute ønsker at bidrage til, at alle ledere har mulighed for at blive klogere i en fart, og vi har derfor valgt at gøre alt vores materiale gratis tilgængeligt. Den danske corporate governance model og udfordringerne fra EU. Fundet i bogenMarcussen, M.(2010)Den danske model og globaliseringen, Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur. Marcussen, M. and Dyson, K. (2010) 'Transverse integrationin European economic governance: between unitary and differentiated integration', ... %PDF-1.6 %���� 0000022395 00000 n Talrige eksempler på oversættelser klassificeret efter aktivitetsfelt af “governance structure” – Engelsk-Dansk ordbog og smart oversættelse assistent. Sustainability is embedded in our business model and across our organisation. Fundet i bogen – Side 166AE (2014) Danskere bliver ikke rigere af at følge den tyske vej, København V., Arbejderbevægelsens Erhvervsråd. ... Due J. and Madsen J. S. (2006) Fra Storkonflikt Til Barselsfond: Den Danske Model under Afvikling Eller Fornyelse, ... +13 definitioner . Bestyrelsesuddannelser . Fundet i bogen – Side 701... 307–310 key elements of corporate governance and accountability, 279–306 modern governance framework and ... 662, 663 Danone Dairy Belgium, 256 Danske Bank, 108 money-laundering scandal, 81, 608–610 Danske Bank Money Laundering case ... It skal påvirke forretningen aktivt. Fundet i bogen – Side 155Den internationalt berømmede, dialogiske danske model har tabt terræn til den fremadstormende formidlingsmodel, der i højere grad konstruerer ... (2003): Governance of the European Research Area: The Role of Civil Society. 0000005734 00000 n Fundet i bogen... siger Torben Kjær. Han mener, at modellen kan bruges af mange virksomheder, men også af en gruppe af virksomheder. ... erfaring med investeringer og fører en stram politik om etik og corporate governance og social ansvarlighed. English-French. Disse sætninger kommer fra eksterne kilder og er måske ikke nøjagtige. TDC-paneldebat satte fokus på digital parathed og kom samtidig med ét gennemtrængende budskab til dansk erhvervsliv. Inden for p… Fundet i bogen – Side 146The project governance model proved an efficient frame for assuring progression, and it also enabled agility in the mediation of stakeholders in and around the program, seen from the R&D center's perspective. Analyse: EU-Kommissionens forslag til et nyt fælles europæisk regelsæt for Sustainable Corporate Governance er et frontalt angreb på den unikke danske ledelsesmodel. John Maynard Keynes was arguably the greatest economist of the 20th century. Fundet i bogenVarieties of corporate social responsibility (CSR): CSR meets the “Nordic Model”. Regulation & Governance (4) 2: 203–229. The Government (2012). Responsible Growth—Action Plan for Corporate Social Responsibility 2012–2015. • Cognizant 20-20 InsightsGovernance Model: Defined Executive Summary program managers representing perspectives from North America, the UK, continental Europe, A CIO may command universal agreement on … Model governance Today, large financial institutions use mathematical models in their daily op-erations. Slå to fluer med et smæk. Copenhagen Area, Denmark. bab.la arrow_drop_down bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar Toggle navigation share Fundet i bogen – Side 194Mens denne term ofte er oversat med ” governance ” , peger AbuKhalil på , hvordan den også kan oversættes med ” judgement ” . Det er netop tilfældet i den danske Koran - oversættelse , hvor den pågældende sure lyder ” det tilkommer ... English-French. The main objective of the directive is to improve investor protection, harmonise investment services and increase competition in the financial sector within the EU. MedCom governance-model teknisk afklaring 1. Fundet i bogen – Side 129Can our structure of governance based upon representative and associational democracy change into a new structure relieved from nation ... This is a key challenge for the Danish model . ... See Danske Forfatningslove ( 1958 : 17 ) . 3. Eksempelsætninger "government" på dansk. It builds citizen trust in our democratic institutions. Fundet i bogen – Side 160REFERENCES Aglietta, M. and A. Rebèrioux (2005) Corporate Governance Adrift: A Critique of Shareholder Value. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. ... Due J. and J.S. Madsen (2011) LO og fremtiden for den danske model. Copenhagen: Faos. Fundet i bogen9 22 Sørensen and Torfing, 'Governance Network Research', p. 17. 23 Malloy, 'Creating New Spaces for Politics' ... 35 Jørgen Kühl, Mindretalsmodel i krise [Minority Model in Crisis] (Flensburg: Dansk Skoleforening for Sydslesvig, 2012). 2. open_in_new Länk till källa. The concept of "good governance" thus emerges as a model to compare ineffective economies or political bodies with viable economies and political bodies. KW - Corporate governance. Hvad er it-governance? It-styring (It-governance) er ifølge Videnskabsministeriet lederskab med fokus rettet mod, hvordan it påvirker en organisations strategier, strukturer, systemer, bemanding og arbejdsgange. Ministeret finder det afgørende, at: Founded in 1871 and based in Copenhagen, Danske Bank is Denmark’s largest financial institution with more than five million customers across Europe. The Data Governance Act. By re-examining the original suppositions of shared governance, along with an infusion of seminal democratic values and principles, a … Chinese (traditional) -English-French. Regeringen, KL og Danske Regioner derfor at oprette en styregruppe for fællesoffentlig systemforvaltning af sundheds-it (FSI). Morten Bennedsen er professor i økonomi ved Københavns Universitet og forsker i familieejede virksomheder, herunder generationsskifter. This Digital Strategy runs up to 2020, and in it the central, regional and local governments create the foundation for the Danish public sector … bab.la kan ikke holdes ansvarlig for dette indhold. Fundet i bogen – Side 195Minnesota-modellen og Anonyme Alkoholikere i Danmark. København: Københavns Universitet. Steffen, Vibeke. 2001. ... “'Despotism' and ethical liberal governance”. In: Economy and Society 25. Valverde, Mariana. 1998. Diseases of the Will. Fundet i bogen – Side 123Udbredelse af nye styringsinstrumenter i de danske kommuner . Institut for Økonomi , Politik og ... dansk NPM - model , Nordisk Administrativt Tidsskrift 2 . ... Modernisation Programmes in Perspective ' , Governance 4 , 2 . 1992. What does governance mean? Understand response time for billing and subscription management-related issues and technical break-fix issues. We need think tanks to devise a new institutional architecture that places academics, workers, administrators and students at the centre of a new. It is also founded on the rule of law. In light of the increasing focus on governance, this book presents and discusses governance as a framework that is able to both conceptualize and contextualize risks and disasters as currently experienced and managed into social systems. French-English. more_vert. It builds social cohesion. 英語-日本人の「governance model」の文脈での翻訳。 ここに「governance model」を含む多くの翻訳された例文があります-英語-日本人翻訳と英語翻訳の検索エンジン。 Dansk ‎ (da)‎ Dansk (kursus ... T-OC06 Tax Policy and Governance. Digital Strategy 2016-2020. Data governance consists of policies, processes and an organizational structure to support enterprise data management. Bæredygtighed er blevet et stadigt vigtigere punkt på dagsordenen i forbindelse med investeringer - både ved investering i virksomheder og ved finansielle investeringer. Map infrastructure, architecture, and tools. Definition: Hvad er governance? Corporate governance, principper for god selskabsledelse, der bl.a. beskæftiger sig med kravene til, hvordan et aktieselskabs bestyrelse og direktion skal lede selskabet, være åbne over for selskabets aktionærer og definere de særlige risici, der er forbundet med selskabets virksomhed. Operational Model: The board manages, governs and performs the work of the organization. Digitaliseringen af den offentlige sektor er blevet så gennemgribende, at den skarpe ressort-afgrænsning, de enkelte myndigheders beslutningskompetence og konsensus-kulturen er blevet barrierer for eGovernment. bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar, Tips og tricks til at falde til i udlandet. Hvis EU-Kommissionens forslag bliver til lov, kan soft-law og følg-eller-forklar principper for god selskabsledelse blive erstattet af hård EU-styret regulering, der begrænser topledernes manøvrefrihed. 15. jun. 0000004482 00000 n Hvorfor implementerer organisationer IT-Governance Infrastrukturer? Translation for 'governance model' in the free English-Danish dictionary and many other Danish translations. Model Risk Management is a developing, growing area of risk management, which creates bespoke challenges and exciting opportunities. 3. The framework consists of a series of design policies that are controllable by management and can influence employee behavior. EP - 218. Fundet i bogen – Side 459... 74% 1% 6 Standard Chartered (UK) €598 12% 4% 84% 7 Danske Bank (DK) €465 62% 38% 0% 8 Svenska Handelsbanken (SE) €300 ... working of the Banking Union, we first define the overall governance framework for supervision and resolution. Side 3 Principper for FSI´s governancemodel trailer <<9234D364CFD242908962CDED4F66762F>]/Prev 549032/XRefStm 1187>> startxref 0 %%EOF 883 0 obj <>stream It is the foundation for economic growth and stability. ... Governance-anbefalinger er anbefalinger og ikke lovgivning. Dansk. C-MC02 Visionary Leadership. They identified seven internal elements of an organization that need to align for it to be successful. Dansk: Titel: Den Danske Model set udefra: Redaktører: Trine Pernille Larsen, Anna Ilsøe: Antal sider: 10: Udgivelsessted: København: Forlag: Djøf Forlag: Publikationsdato: 2016: Sider: 179-188: ... Centre for Private Governance, Det Juridiske Fakultet Københavns … The RACI model is a relatively straightforward tool that can be used for identifying roles and responsibilities during an organizational change process.After all, transformation processes do not process themselves; people have to "do" something to make the processes happen. . Fundet i bogen – Side 312Kristiansen J. (2013) Aftalemodellen og dens europæiske udfordringer (The bargaining model and its European challenges). DJØF Publishing, Copenhagen. ... Europæiseringen af dansk ret (The Europeanisation of Danish law). “ Hvad laver man egentlig i en bestyrelse? Åbenheden omfatter bl.a. English The involvement of the British Government at the London Conference is an example. In the 19th century it became the international centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry.At one point 90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its … ensure the alignment of the whole model life cycle, with three lines of defence: business operations, risk management function, and effectiveness and efficiency of model risk analysis. Azure Support Scope is available at all support levels. PY - 2004. Each stage describes the states of individual disciplines such as Strategy & Vision, Administration, Governance, etc. j Sikre fokus på, at it ikke bare er en omkostning, men også kan skabe værdi, f.eks. Lithuanian -English-French. Originalsprog: Dansk: Titel: Glidninger - usynlige forandringer inden for pædagogik og uddannelse: Redaktører: Lejf Moos: Udgivelsessted: Emdrup: Fundet i bogen – Side 6Regulations regarding internal models should be updated to stipulate the need for sound governance and independent validation. 7. ... The DFSA has hosted supervisory college meetings for Danske Bank since February 2009. Alle rettigheder forbeholdes. S… Corporate governance, principper for god selskabsledelse, der bl.a. 0000002003 00000 n cases of developing countries, where socioeco-nomic and political features are complex (Ha que. Selskabsledelse (på engelsk Corporate governance) betegner det system af regler, praksis og processer, som et selskab - og i videre betydning andre former for virksomheder - styres efter. Models of organizational effectiveness go in and out of fashion, but the McKinsey 7-S framework has stood the test of time. Disse sætninger kommer fra eksterne kilder og er måske ikke nøjagtige. Og det er et super godt spørgsmål, for de fleste har et billede af bestyrelsen som et obskurt, lukket rum, hvor kun de få ved, hvad der sker. Fundet i bogen – Side 29... substantial emphasis on the " social democratic " features of the Scandinavian model and successfully facilitates ... which were carried out with the support of the Danish People's Party ( Dansk Folkeparti , DF ) , played on extant ... Alle vores ordbøger er bidirektionale og det betyder at du kan slå ord op på begge sprog. God governance. Furthermore, the mechanism must be strongly linked to forthcoming legislation setting up a new economic governance model. Målet med modellen er at skabe en balance mellem den daglige it-drift og et fokus på kontinuerligt at … Der er mange modeller for generationsskifte af virksomheder, hvor man ikke behøver at drive en kile ned mellem medlemmerne af familien,” siger advokaten. Fundet i bogen – Side 129Can our structure of governance based upon representative and associational democracy change into a new structure relieved from nation building and a ... Den danske friskole - en del af den grundtvig-koldske skoletradition. 0000008551 00000 n Recommended Model Form. Therefore it is useful to describe what should be done by whom to make a transformation process happen. Developing an effective governance operating model 1 Introduction It is also about a company’s risk management, i.e. Møde om den danske ledelsesmodel i DI den 6. oktober kl. Verden er mindre. Governance Policies and positions Memberships. C-MC05 Entrepreneurship. 0000005902 00000 n ... at implementere en operationel model for it, der kan understøtte forandringer i både forretningen og it. Fundet i bogen – Side 182The net interest margins of OP and Danske Bank are very similar, while Nordea records the lowest results. ... Traditionally, CBs exhibit lower levels of efficiency which the literature attributes to the governance model of these banks ... Fundet i bogen – Side 274... challenges 88–9 royalty rate issues 86–7 simulcasting or webcasting 82 cross-border online licensing models, ... Jason 153 Dehin, V. 83 democratic governance 246–7 see also governance Denmark Dansk Internet Forum (DIFO) 209, ... They bring professional skills and unique talents with them that are useful to the nonprofit, an… Tak!Copyright © IDM 2021, unless otherwise noted. The latter assumes that the culture of a company is invariable and rigid but, the 5D model points out some factors which might difficult the one-culture point of view of companies. Dansk. Dansk Its udvalg arbejder med fem områder, der afgrænser it-governance: j En strategisk overensstemmelse mellem forretningsstrategien og it-strategien. ESG stands for Environmental, Social and Governance. Se alle uddannelser STRATEGIC BOARD ROOM CHAIRPERSON BOARD ROOM AT HOME EDUCATION Kalender. Når indhold i ny versionsopdatering er konsolideret indarbejder MedCom versionsændringer i standarddokumentationen. Fundet i bogen – Side 205(2000), 'learning from abroad: the role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making', Governance, 13 (1), 5–24. dØr (det Økonomiske råd) (2004), dansk Økonomi efterår 2004 [The danish economy, autumn 2004] (copenhagen: det ... Side 1 Indhold 1. In accordance to above we are: Classifying all our customers who buy investment services from us. The members of an advisory board are usually those who are known to the nonprofit’s management team, and are trusted by them. that is defined by extraction, sharing and consumption surely can not lead to development. The structure of a data governance program provides understanding, security and trust around an organization’s data among its stakeholders, especially as companies scale and accumulate more data sources and assets. Model Form annexed to the Convention. 865 0 obj <> endobj xref 865 19 0000000016 00000 n 2011, p. 62). Shared Governance begins with the premise that today's higher education governance practices have lost their focus and vitality. governance noun ˈɡʌvənəns + grammatik The process, or the power, of governing; government or administration. A. governance model. Vidste du det? København : DI, 2004. s. 163-178. 61 12 62 28, SWIFT: DABADKKK Telefonsamtaler kan blive optaget og gemt til brug for dokumentation og sikkerhed. Focus on the operating model. Good governance draws on four key dimensions Who has power Who makes decisions How […] 2021 read more A governance operating model has the potential to address this need and thus enhance management’s ability to implement governance and the board’s ability to exercise proper oversight. Publikation: Bidrag til bog/antologi/rapport › Bidrag til rapport › Forskning Board members may work with either or both service operations or management functions. Corporate control and incentives in a dynamic perspective By Alessio M. Pacces, Professor of … Translation for 'governance model' in the free English-Finnish dictionary and many other Finnish translations. : 043243. Azure Application Gateway enables you to build highly scalable and available websites by providing HTTP load balancing and delivery control. The model was developed in the late 1970s by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, former consultants at McKinsey & Company. styre noun. 0000019476 00000 n Governance-modellen 7 Strategi og risikoappetit Nedenfor følger en række udsagn, der kan bruges til at vurdere, hvor effektivt virksomheden ledes i forhold til strategi og risikoappetit: Bestyrelsens strategiske intentioner og planer tager hensyn til virksomhedens etiske regler og TechDico. 0000005081 00000 n Turn data into opportunity with Microsoft Power BI data visualization tools. Co-Founder at Rarible. Fundet i bogenDen aktuelle danske religionsretlige model. I: Christoffersen, L., Iversen, H.R., Kærgård, ... A Long Historical Path towards Transparency, Accountability and Good Governance: on Financing Religions in Denmark. I: Messner, I.F. (red.). Fundet i bogen – Side 117Governance Committee ” ! Begrebet " management " , som i hovedsagen associeres med markedstænkningen , der dominerer i private virksomheder , er nu udskiftet med “ Governance " , der snarere ... CEO & Co-founder Rarible.com – creator-centric NFT marketplace with a community governance model. Fundet i bogen – Side 400“Setting wage floors in open markets: The role of the social partners in Europe's multilevel governance. ... Dansk økonomi. Efterår 2002. Copenhagen: Det konomiske Råd. D R/Economic Council (2009). Dansk økonomi. Efterår 2009. This model explains five factors which are not considered in the Schein's Model of Organizational Culture. Fundet i bogenWage bargaining under the new European Economic Governance, 139. Andersen, S.K., Dølvik, J.E., & Ibsen, C.L. (2014). De nordiske aftalemodeller i åbne markeder – udfordringer og perspektiver. Fafo, NordMod, 2030. Leverandører kvalificerer dokumentationen ved review og evt. Corporate Governance i Danmark. Strong model governance and management solves many of these inefficiencies, which is why it is so important for organizations to implement. Effektiv it-governance sikrer sammenhængen mellem strategi og it. �������"�;����{������]�e&OQ�j�4ѧ���k����L�"�WK�e&��vQ��X�qf��N��WK�f. Fundet i bogen – Side 598In contrast to the stable institutional framework, the instruments used in medical governance change ... Between 2009–16, a comprehensive quality accreditation system DDKM (Den danske kvalitetsmodel) was rolled out across all Danish ... Talrige eksempler på oversættelser klassificeret efter aktivitetsfelt af “governance structure” – Engelsk-Dansk ordbog og smart oversættelse assistent. View profile badges. Fundet i bogen – Side 312Grønlandsk-dansk selvstyrekommission (2008): Grønlandsk-dansk selvstyrekommissions betænkning om selvstyre i Grønland. (Report on Self-governance in Greenland by the Greenland-Danish Commission). Hansen, Hans (1976): The Economy of ... - Værdiansættelse, kapitalstruktur, Corporate Governance i relation til Private Equity - både LBO, Venture, Business Angels samt små privatejede selskaber - Kapitalfondenes Corporate Governance modeller osv. Content Governance Model is nothing but a plan to help you achieve your content strategy. Bogen 'Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm' definerer ’governance’ som de processer, hvorigennem økonomi og samfund styres i overensstemmelse med fælles målsætninger. Sales Governance – Fremtidens salgsledelse (Bog, Hæftet, Dansk) - Forfatter: Mogens Bjerre - Forlag: Value Footprint - Emner: Salg - ISBN-13: 9788797261408 Fundet i bogen98 Notably, Boyle n5, in particular 115–116; Robert Cunningham, Information Environmentalism: A Governance Framework for Intellectual Property Rights (Edward Elgar Publishing 2014) (Cunningham). 99 Boyle n5, 108. 100 Cunningham n98, 81. As a thought leader in data management, cloud movement and data governance, Danske Bank has embarked on a … Since machine learning is a relatively new discipline, there are still many inefficiencies that need to be addressed with ML technology processes. This can be compared to airplanes using board computers. - Karakteristika ved alternative investeringer herunder Private Equity œqP",s.p]ˁ¯˜(‹³Îve@ÓyεgVa9þŽ‡u_cž_Ÿ_=e¢Êåcy%YFÁÜò’ßb®C🦌ý †­þ7¥R. 0000001386 00000 n Universal Business Language (UBL) is an open library of standard electronic XML business documents for procurement and transportation such as purchase orders, invoices, transport logistics and waybills.UBL was developed by an OASIS Technical Committee with participation from a variety of industry data standards organizations. This is also called sustainability in many cases. Develop standardized data definitions. Den politologiske forskning, herunder ikke mindst forvaltningsforskningen, var i udgangspunkt meget optaget af de formelle politiske institutioners rolle og indretning, og så i forlængelse heraf offentlig styring som et resultat af beslutninger truffet af folketing, regering og embedsværk. Growing debates around governance are taking place among academic, policy-making, and practice-based communities.